The mitochondria, often described as the “powerhouses” of our cells, provide the energy required for nearly every biological process known. In the kidney, which is one of the most energy-demanding organs in the body, mitochondria play an especially critical role. Every filtration, reabsorption, and secretion step along the nephron requires a steady supply of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This demand makes kidney tissue uniquely vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. Further
